Morphological characteristics of fish, including phenotypic diversity in scale pattern, anal fin, and spine shape, play an important role in their viability and economic value. The aim of this study was to investigate the scale patterns and deformities in wild COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio) and breeder’s COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio) of Iranian hatchery centers. In total, 219 samples including 40 wild and 179 farmed COMMON CARP (From Silver CARP center in Guilan Province, Cooperative center of 12 in Guilan Province, Shahid Maleki Center in Khuzestan Province) were collected. All farmed and wild COMMON CARP samples were photographed and their other morphological characteristics were examined. The results of this study show different scale patterns in farmed COMMON craps. We observed three different scale patterns in farmed COMMON CARP including full scales (Normal), large scales along the lateral line of the body (Line) and a small number of large scales (Mirror). Furthermore, we found a wild COMMON CARP with spinal deformation and one farmed COMMON CARP missing anal fin. We also found a different scale pattern in farmed COMMON CARP that was covered with a disordered full scale. In general, the results of the present research which examines the possible variation in the scale pattern and types of deformities in the appearance of wild and farmed COMMON CARP for the first time in Iran, can provide valuable information for further researches in the field of molecular identification of the genetic basis of the variation observed in COMMON CARP.

Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the biochemical characterizations of the lysozyme enzyme for evaluation of its importance in the immune system of the COMMON CARP, Cyprinus CARPio. Materials & Methods In the present study, lysozyme was extracted from the spleen of COMMON CARP, Cyprinus CARPio. Then, partially purified by ammonium sulfate and some properties such as optimum pH and temperature as well as the effects of different salt concentrations of NaCl, MgCl2, KCl, and urea on enzyme activity were evaluated. The enzyme activity was assayed using a suspension of Micrococcus lysodeikticus as a substrate. Findings The optimum pH and temperature were found 4 and 50° C, respectively. Furthermore, lysozyme activity was found to be dependent on salt concentration. Conclusion Based on the results, it’ s been concluded that lysozyme extracted from the spleen of the C. CARPio has its optimum activity at high temperature and low pH condition and its activity could be continued with the presence of different salt compounds which all these are related to the environmental conditions of natural habitats of the C. CARPio and showed that lysozyme could be one of the key factors of the immune system in this species.

We investigated the generation of gynogenetic COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio L.) during 1989-1990. After selection of suitable breeders containing special transfferin marker in breeding season, we applied ionizing radiation (60 Co gamma ray) for genetic inactivation of spermatozoa of the fish. We found that in the exposure of the sperm to a range 80-120 Krad irradiation, 100 Krad gave the best results. Application of various cold and heat shocks to the eggs at different time intervals after addition of water to the mixture of milk and eggs generated diploid gynogenetic fish. Cold and hot shock treatments generated significantly different gynogenetic fish (7% and 2.5% respectively). The optimum shock treatment was found to be 5 minutes after fertilization in 0°Clasting 50 minutes. For each treatment, 100 fish fingerlings were subjected to electrophoresis which showed the mitotic diploid progenies were all-maternal inherited with BB genotype.

In order to asses the immunogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila, the aethiological cause of haemmorhagic septicemia in COMMON CARP in Fars province fish farms, three different preparations of antigen including formalin-killed cell (1%) heat killed cell (60oC, 4h) and live cell were studied. Fifty five COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio, L) in 9 groups with three routes of administration were exposed to the antigens (oral administration 109 cell/ml/fish, immersion 107 cell/ml/fish and ip injection 109 cell\fish) in day 0 and day 20 of the experiment Similarly 15 fish in three groups were exposed with phosphate - buffered saline as control. Fish were bled 45 and 60 days after immunization and serum sample from each fish was collected. The fish humeral response was detected by ELISA.Results showed that the formalin-killed cell had the best response and that oral administration of antigens in comparison with other routes had the highest effect. The antibody level of fish was still increasing at day 60.

This study was done on wild COMMON CARP and main aims were determination of relationships between fecundity and the fish weight, length and age. One hundred individuals of pre-spawning females with a body weight 285. 1-5483 g, total length 27. 9-67. 1 cm and age 4-12 years old, were sampled in Anzali wetland in 2016 and 2017. A mix subsample was sampled of eggs from front, middle and back parts of ovaries and batch and annual fecundities estimated basis on large eggs and large, medium and small eggs, respectively. The results showed an estimation of 11312-1280460 (170977. 6± 176651. 3) for batch fecundity, 19773-1504448 (228978. 1± 216295. 5) eggs for annual fecundity and 39400-286500 (132400± 62400) eggs for relative batch fecundity and 69400-394300 (185400± 75200) eggs per one kilogram of body weight for relative annual fecundity. The Pearson correlation coefficient was determined 0. 93, 0. 84 and 0. 71 between batch fecundity and body weight, total length and fish age, respectively and 0. 89, 0. 81 and 0. 72 between annual fecundity and body weight, total length and fish age, respectively and correlation was significant in all of them at ɑ =0. 01, too. The averages of batch and annual fecundities increased regularly and significantly (p<0. 05) with increasing of the fish size (length and weight) and age. This study stated a more fecundity for wild COMMON CARP in Anzali wetland than Golestan shore and it can verify difference in CARP populations in southern Caspian Sea as an indicator.

Copper sulfate is one of the most important pollutant in aquaculture systems. The aim of the present study was of the histopathological changes of some organs of COMMON CARP. copper sulphate can be considered as a toxic agent for fish.The effect of copper sulphate at 0. 0 1 mg/L as a constant bath was studied on COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio) weighing about 100g. at 19±1°C for one month. Tissue samples of liver, gill, gonads and skin were obtained, fixed in 10% formalin, processed using routine histotechnique method and the 5 micron sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Focal necrosis, vacuolation, picnosis, karyorrhexis of neuclear hepatocytes, infiltration of lymphocytes into connective tissue of liver and hyperemia were observed in liver samples. In the gonads tissue, inflam matory cells infiltrations and hemosiderin pigment were observed. There were, edema, hyperplasia, fusion of branchial cells, increased number of moucus and chloride cells observable in the gill sections. The main renal lesions were necrosis in proximal ducts. Accordingly, we can conclude that some tissue lesions occure in different organs of COMMON CARP after chronic exposure to copper sulfate (0.0 1 mg/L.).

An experiment was carried out to determine the stress response of COMMON CARP, Cyprinus CARPio L., to a 3-h net confinement and a subsequent recovery period of 22 hours. Blood was collected to determine plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, FFA, chloride, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels. The results showed that the plasma cortisol level was 85- fold higher than in the unstressed control at one hour post-stress and quickly returned to normal after 4 h recovery. Glucose value was increased after 20 minutes but returned to basal levels after 22 h recovery. Lactate levels were increased after 5 minutes confinement and then returned to a normal level after 1 hour net confinement. Free fatty acids were not elevated until 3h of confinement and quickly returned to basal level in 1 h recovery. However, confinement had no effect on chloride, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels. The results show that net confinement can induce primary (cortisol elevation) and secondary stress responses (glucose, lactate and free fatty acid elevations) in COMMON CARP.These results show that COMMON CARP respond to net confinement stress in a similar manner to other teleost species.

Background: We investigated the effects of different dose of aflatoxins, secondary toxic metabolites produced byAspergillus flavus, on some biochemical parameters in kidney of COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio).Methods: This study was done in Aquaculture and Biology Laboratory of Behbahn Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran in 2015. Fishes were distributed into five groups: Group I-III was fed contaminated diets with 0.5, 0.7 and 1.4 mg kg-1 feed, respectively.Group IV was fed contaminated diets with extraction solution (methanol, acetone, and diluted water) as a positive control. Control group received normal feed (Group V). After 21 d of experiment, activities of cellular enzymes and oxidative stress biomarker were evaluated.Results: Aflatoxins (0.7 and 1.4 mg kg-1) caused a significant increase in ALT activity. Although, significant increase of LDH activity (P<0.05) were found in kidney of fish fed diet contaminated with 0.5 mg kg-1 of aflatoxins, LDH activity was significantly decreased in kidney of fish fed diet contaminated with 0.7 and 1.4 mg kg-1 of aflatoxins. A significant increase (P<0.05) were observed in MDA levels and CAT activity in kidney of fish fed diet contaminated with different concentrations of aflatoxins for 21 d. The total antioxidant levels, AST and ALP activities in kidney of fish were significantly reduced (P<0.05) on the 21st day following aflatoxins administration.Conclusion: Diets containing certain concentrations of aflatoxins (0.5, 0.7 and 1.4 mg kg-1 feed) made oxidative damage to kidney tissue, including changes in oxidative stress biomarker and biochemical parameters.

In current investigation, acute toxicity of ferrous iron was determined based on OECD guideline and Semi-static method. 190 fries of COMMON CARP (mean weight: 15±5 gr) were divided in six treatments (10 fries in each treatment) and one control group. There replicates run for each treatment. Qualitative Parameters of water including pH, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, temperature and other parameters were monitored and recorded during test period. Due to constancy of ferrous concentrations in test solutions, pH was maintained at 5.5±0.1. Furthermore, to ensure that desirable ferrous concentrations were created and constant during test period, ferrous concentrations were determined by use a spectrophotometer, based on Orthophenontroline method. According to results of acute toxicity test, LC50 values in 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were calculated by probit analysis method, respectively: 2.35, 2.15, 1.95 and 1.85 mg/l Fe2+. LOEC and NOEC values were also determined by an analysis of variance, respectively 1.1 and 1.5 mg/l Fe2+. MATC value was calculated 1.5 mg/l Fe2+ as the geometric mean of the LOEC and NOEC.